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Stock type is the term used in SAP to designate the disposition
or usability of the stock for materials planning and execution purposes.
There are 4 main stock types
supported in SAP S/4HANA:
1. Unrestricted
use stock
2. Quality
inspection stock
3. Blocked
stock
4. Customer
returns stock
Unrestricted Use Stock:
The unrestricted use stock type is used to designate inventory quantities that are
free to be considered for materials
planning or execution purposes, such as deliveries to customers or consumption for production. Unrestricted use stocks can be freely transferred between plants and storage locations.
Quality Inspection Stock:
The quality inspection (QI) stock type is used for identifying quantities of goods that are undergoing
processing by the quality department at the current time. QI stocks are considered available from a materials planning point of view. However, these stocks can't be shipped to
a customer or consumed internally until a decision has been made about their usability.
Ø The QI stock can be
transferred between storage locations in a plant but can't
be transferred between plants.
Ø QI stocks may be under the control
of the Quality Management (QM) module.
Ø If QM is
active for that material in that plant, then Quality Management processes control the postings of
material into and out of the QI stock
type.
Ø If QM isn't active
for that material in that plant, then transfer postings
are used to post stocks out of QI stock into unrestricted
use stock.
Blocked Stock:
The blocked stock
type is used when a material becomes unusable for planning and execution
purposes. Blocked stocks generally aren't considered
during materials planning.
Ø Blocked stocks can't be
used for fulfilling customer or production demands.
Ø Blocked stocks can be
transferred between storage locations within a plant.
Ø Note that
unrestricted use, quality inspection, and
blocked stocks are considered valuated stocks if the
stock type assigned to the
material is valuated in the valuation area assigned to
the plant.
Customer Returns Stock:
The customer returns stock type is a less commonly used stock type. It can be used to manage goods that have been delivered back into a storage location from a customer when a decision hasn't been made as to whether the
goods will be accepted back into stock.
Ø Customer
returns stock is always non valuated stock.
Ø Once a decision is made
to accept the goods, a transfer posting from
customer returns to either unrestricted use, quality inspection, or blocked stock
is made. This transfer posting posts the quantities into valuated stock
and creates an accounting document.
Special Stocks & Ownership:
In SAP S/4HANA system
are owned by the enterprise and are reflected in the appropriate stock accounts
in Financial Accounting.
However, it's possible to represent stocks that are owned by an
external party in the system.
Special stock indicators are used to represent these ownership
scenarios in Inventory Management.
Each special stock has a unique one-letter identifier in the
database.
The following are examples of special stocks that are owned by
the enterprise and
physically stored at an external location:
Ø Component
stocks provided to supplier for subcontracting (special stock 0)
Ø Finished
goods consigned to a customer (special stock W)
Ø Returnable
transport packaging at customer (special stock V)
Note that these special stocks can be in either unrestricted use
or quality inspection stock types.
The following are examples of special stocks owned by an
external party and physically stored in a plant and storage location:
Ø Supplier
consignment stock (special stock K)
Ø Supplier-owned returnable transport
packaging (special stock M)
